{"id":5144,"date":"2016-06-21T15:05:14","date_gmt":"2016-06-21T13:05:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geothermie-schweiz.ch\/ampel-system-im-fokus\/?lang=fr"},"modified":"2016-06-21T15:29:34","modified_gmt":"2016-06-21T13:29:34","slug":"ampel-system-im-fokus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geothermie-schweiz.ch\/fr\/ampel-system-im-fokus\/","title":{"rendered":"Un syst\u00e8me de feu tricolore au c\u0153ur des discussions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>En Suisse, la sismicit\u00e9 induite a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le d\u00e9cisif dans des projets de g\u00e9othermie profonde. A l\u2019ETH Zurich, le Service Sismologique Suisse pr\u00e9sente le r\u00e9sultat de ses recherches et ouvre les discussions sur les d\u00e9veloppements futurs. Au c\u0153ur du sujet, se trouve un syst\u00e8me de feux de tricolore.<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Alors que des s\u00e9ismes naturels peuvent survenir partout en Suisse, les s\u00e9ismes induits par l\u2019homme repr\u00e9sentent un nouveau d\u00e9fi. Le Service sismologique suisse (SED) \u00e0 l\u2019ETH Zurich surveille l\u2019activit\u00e9 sismique et en \u00e9value les dangers potentiels.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Une approche globale comme point de d\u00e9part<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dans le cadre d\u2019un s\u00e9minaire \u00abS\u00e9ismes et g\u00e9othermie\u00bb, le directeur du SED Stefan Wiemer rend attentif qu\u2019une \u00e9tape essentielle pour bien appr\u00e9hender le sujet est le passage du danger li\u00e9 aux tremblements de terre au risque sismique. En effet, le risque est la somme de\u00a0plusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments: danger sismique, propri\u00e9t\u00e9s du sous-sol, valeurs locales comme la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 des b\u00e2timents et des infrastructures. Seule une approche globale donne une piste sur la mani\u00e8re dont la sismicit\u00e9 induite est per\u00e7ue, jug\u00e9e et peut \u00eatre accept\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Dans les projets de g\u00e9othermie profonde les tremblements de terre sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des \u00abinstruments\u00bb. Les m\u00e9thodes p\u00e9trothermales, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019\u00e9changeurs de chaleur artificiels dans le sous-sol cristallin, n\u00e9cessitent une certaine perm\u00e9abilit\u00e9 de la roche, qui peut \u00eatre am\u00e9lior\u00e9e par le cisaillement de fissures pr\u00e9existantes. Par stimulation avec de l\u2019eau sous pression, les fissures s\u2019ouvrent et se d\u00e9calent. Ce processus est enregistr\u00e9, d\u2019une part pour localiser les zones stimul\u00e9es et d\u2019autre part, car les secousses en surface ne sont per\u00e7ues comme des tremblements de terre qu&rsquo;\u00e0 partir d\u2019une certaine intensit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Quand les feux sont au rouge<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Comme les projets de g\u00e9othermie profonde doivent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9s dans des zones avec une densit\u00e9 d\u2019habitation \u00e9lev\u00e9e, les tremblements de terre ressentis repr\u00e9sentent une composante essentielle pour l\u2019acceptation d\u2019un projet et d\u2019une technologie. Toni Kraft (SED) montre les possibilit\u00e9s de la surveillance sismique pour des projets de g\u00e9othermie profonde. Sur la base de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience des projets de B\u00e2le et St Gall, il a illustr\u00e9 les relations entre la pression de stimulation et l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 sismique. D&rsquo;une mani\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, on observe une diminution de la sismicit\u00e9 induite lorsque les pompes sont arr\u00eat\u00e9es et par l\u00e0 les travaux de stimulation.<\/p>\n<p>Pour ces 2 projets, l&rsquo;utilisation d&rsquo;un syst\u00e8me de feux tricolore comportant des seuils de magnitude pr\u00e9d\u00e9finis, permettraient de r\u00e9duire la pression dans le sous-sol en cas de d\u00e9passement de valeurs limites. Ce syst\u00e8me de feux tricolores, bas\u00e9 sur des valeurs mesur\u00e9es, permet au SED de d\u00e9velopper un outil de pilotage de l&rsquo;activit\u00e9 sismique. Pour le directeur du SED Stefan Wiemer ainsi\u00a0 la sismicit\u00e9 induite est mieux comprise et peut \u00eatre contr\u00f4l\u00e9e plus efficacement. Si les s\u00e9ismes induits par les activit\u00e9s humaines peuvent \u00eatre mieux pr\u00e9dits et \u00e0 la fois limit\u00e9s, alors les projets de g\u00e9othermie profonde auront franchi un cap important pour leur acceptabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em><strong>GEOBEST-CH<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\">Dans le cadre du projet GEOBEST-CH, le Service Sismologique Suisse (SED) \u00e0 l&rsquo;ETH de Zurich offre des conseils sur la simicit\u00e9 pour des projets de g\u00e9othermie profonde. Il entend assister les autorit\u00e9s et les acteurs priv\u00e9s concern\u00e9s par-del\u00e0 les fronti\u00e8res cantonales, en vue d&rsquo;\u00e9tablir des standards de qualit\u00e9 homog\u00e8nes relatifs au traitement des probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s aux s\u00e9ismes, aux proc\u00e9dures d&rsquo;autorisation et \u00e0 la mise en oeuvre de projets.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 90px;\"><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En Suisse, la sismicit\u00e9 induite a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le d\u00e9cisif dans des projets de g\u00e9othermie profonde. A l\u2019ETH Zurich, le Service Sismologique Suisse pr\u00e9sente le r\u00e9sultat de ses recherches et [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[113],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5144","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-seismes-et-geothermie"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Un syst\u00e8me de feu tricolore au c\u0153ur des discussions - G\u00e9othermie-Suisse<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/geothermie-schweiz.ch\/ampel-system-im-fokus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Un syst\u00e8me de feu tricolore au c\u0153ur des discussions - G\u00e9othermie-Suisse\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En Suisse, la sismicit\u00e9 induite a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le d\u00e9cisif dans des projets de g\u00e9othermie profonde. 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