{"id":11784,"date":"2019-07-01T09:09:56","date_gmt":"2019-07-01T07:09:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geothermie-schweiz.ch\/?p=11784"},"modified":"2019-07-01T09:22:28","modified_gmt":"2019-07-01T07:22:28","slug":"un-tunnel-de-metro-converti-en-source-denergie-geothermique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geothermie-schweiz.ch\/fr\/un-tunnel-de-metro-converti-en-source-denergie-geothermique\/","title":{"rendered":"Un tunnel de m\u00e9tro converti en source d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie g\u00e9othermique"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Des chercheurs de l\u2019EPFL sont parvenus \u00e0 quantifier avec pr\u00e9cision les \u00e9changes de chaleur dans un tunnel. En appliquant leurs calculs \u00e0 la future ligne de m\u00e9tro M3 de Lausanne, ils ont estim\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9conomie d\u2019\u00e9nergie que ferait la ville en \u00e9quipant le tunnel d\u2019un syst\u00e8me g\u00e9othermique. Il s\u2019agirait d\u2019une premi\u00e8re mondiale.<\/strong><!--more--><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_11776\" style=\"width: 490px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/geothermie-schweiz.ch\/wp_live\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/1080x1920.jpg\" rel=\"lightbox-0\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11776\" class=\"wp-image-11776\" src=\"https:\/\/geothermie-schweiz.ch\/wp_live\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/1080x1920-576x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Source: LMS \/ EPFL 2019\" width=\"480\" height=\"853\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-11776\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: LMS \/ EPFL 2019<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Dans un tunnel abritant un train ou un m\u00e9tro, les \u00e9changes de chaleur sont nombreux. Lorsque le m\u00e9tro freine et acc\u00e9l\u00e8re, par exemple, le tunnel conna\u00eet un pic de chaleur. Cet air chaud se m\u00e9lange \u00e0 l\u2019air naturellement pr\u00e9sent dans le tunnel et \u00e0 la chaleur \u00e9manant du sol. Le calcul de la chaleur provenant de l\u2019air \u00e9tait jusqu\u2019ici effectu\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re impr\u00e9cise. Les chercheurs du Laboratoire de m\u00e9caniques des sols (LMS) de l\u2019EPFL viennent de corriger ceci dans une \u00e9tude parue dans la revue Applied Thermal Engineering. Les ing\u00e9nieurs sont en effet parvenus \u00e0 donner une estimation pr\u00e9cise de ce coefficient-cl\u00e9, appel\u00e9 le coefficient de convection thermique.<\/p>\n<p>Cette d\u00e9couverte ouvre la voie \u00e0 l\u2019exploitation d\u2019un tunnel g\u00e9othermique au b\u00e9n\u00e9fice des b\u00e2timents situ\u00e9s en surface. Les chercheurs ont d\u2019ailleurs test\u00e9 leurs calculs sur le cas du tunnel du futur m\u00e9tro lausannois, le M3, amen\u00e9 \u00e0 relier la gare centrale au nord de la ville (quartier de la Bl\u00e9cherette).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Alimentation de 1500 appartements<br \/>\n<\/strong>\u00abNos recherches montrent qu\u2019en utilisant 50 \u00e0 60% du trac\u00e9 planifi\u00e9, 60&rsquo;000 m2 du tunnel pourraient \u00eatre activ\u00e9s avec ce syst\u00e8me g\u00e9othermique et alimenter en chaleur 1500 appartements standards d\u2019une taille moyenne de 80m2 et 4000 appartements Minergie\u00bb, explique Margaux Peltier, assistante scientifique au LMS dont le projet de Master est \u00e0 l\u2019origine de la publication. Ce syst\u00e8me a l\u2019avantage de pouvoir stocker de la chaleur et la diffuser en temps voulu dans les logements. \u00abLa ville \u00e9viterait l\u2019\u00e9mission de 2 millions de tonnes de CO2 par an, compar\u00e9 \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me de chauffage au gaz\u00bb, ajoute la chercheuse.<\/p>\n<p>Dans les infrastructures souterraines, la temp\u00e9rature de l\u2019air tend \u00e0 retrouver sa stabilit\u00e9 et \u00e0 rejeter en surface la chaleur et la fra\u00eecheur exc\u00e9dentaires. Ce rejet se traduit par des mouvements d\u2019air chaud que l\u2019on ressent parfois en passant pr\u00e8s d\u2019une bouche de m\u00e9tro. C\u2019est ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne physique que comptent exploiter les ing\u00e9nieurs, en compl\u00e9ment de la chaleur naturellement pr\u00e9sente dans le terrain.<\/p>\n<p>Concr\u00e8tement, les chercheurs proposent d\u2019introduire des tubes de plastique dans la structure en b\u00e9ton du tunnel du m\u00e9tro \u00e0 intervalles r\u00e9guliers et de les relier \u00e0 une pompe \u00e0 chaleur. Un fluide calorifique ou, tout simplement, de l\u2019eau, serait ensuite introduit dans les tubes, \u00e0 l\u2019image d\u2019un frigo. En introduisant de l\u2019eau froide dans les tubes du tunnel durant l\u2019hiver, c\u2019est de l\u2019eau chaude que le syst\u00e8me rejettera en surface, et inversement durant l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9. L\u2019\u00e9quipement g\u00e9othermique du tunnel pr\u00e9senterait un investissement et une \u00e9nergie grise n\u00e9gligeables, pr\u00e9cisent les chercheurs, pour une dur\u00e9e de vie allant de 50 \u00e0 100 ans. Seules les pompes \u00e0 chaleur devraient \u00eatre remplac\u00e9es tous les 25 ans.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Chauffage et climatisation<br \/>\n<\/strong>Une fois \u00e9quip\u00e9, le tunnel aurait l\u2019avantage de chauffer les appartements alentours en hiver, en assurant jusqu\u2019\u00e0 80% des besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques. Les besoins restants seraient compl\u00e9t\u00e9s, id\u00e9alement, par une autre \u00e9nergie renouvelable. En \u00e9t\u00e9, les appartements pourraient aussi \u00eatre refroidis par le syst\u00e8me g\u00e9othermique: \u00abLe tunnel offrirait un syst\u00e8me de chauffage et de climatisation tr\u00e8s fiable toute l\u2019ann\u00e9e\u00bb, indique Margaux Peltier, qui souligne que le cas lausannois offre un grand potentiel de climatisation. Le syst\u00e8me pourrait notamment servir \u00e0 refroidir la patinoire pr\u00e9vue dans le futur \u00e9coquartier \u00abM\u00e9tamorphose\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u00abCette publication montre que la technologie des tunnels \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques est mature et que nous pourrions l\u2019exploiter au niveau d\u2019un quartier\u00bb, pr\u00e9cise Lyesse Laloui, directeur du LMS. \u00abReste \u00e0 savoir si l\u2019industrie suisse est pr\u00eate \u00e0 jouer le r\u00f4le de pionni\u00e8re en la mati\u00e8re car seuls des tron\u00e7ons-tests ont \u00e9t\u00e9 exploit\u00e9s \u00e0 ce jour dans le monde.\u00bb A noter que les chercheurs ont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 les r\u00e9sultats de leur \u00e9tude aux Services industriels de Lausanne, aux Transports Lausannois (TL), au Canton de Vaud, le ma\u00eetre d\u2019\u0153uvre du futur m\u00e9tro, et \u00e0 la Ville de Lausanne.<\/p>\n<p><em>Source: EPFL<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Des chercheurs de l\u2019EPFL sont parvenus \u00e0 quantifier avec pr\u00e9cision les \u00e9changes de chaleur dans un tunnel. En appliquant leurs calculs \u00e0 la future ligne de m\u00e9tro M3 de Lausanne, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":11777,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[572],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-geostructures"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Un tunnel de m\u00e9tro converti en source d&#039;\u00e9nergie g\u00e9othermique - G\u00e9othermie-Suisse<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/geothermie-schweiz.ch\/geothermisch-heizen-und-kuehlen-mit-dem-lausanner-metrotunnel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Un tunnel de m\u00e9tro converti en source d&#039;\u00e9nergie g\u00e9othermique - G\u00e9othermie-Suisse\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Des chercheurs de l\u2019EPFL sont parvenus \u00e0 quantifier avec pr\u00e9cision les \u00e9changes de chaleur dans un tunnel. 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